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NEET ZoologyUpdated 19 Oct 2026

Excretory Products and Their Elimination: NEET PYQs and weightage

Excretory Products and Their Elimination carries 3.1 of 100 Zoology marks in NEET by past-paper share: 20 of the 648 tagged NEET Zoology PYQs in the ViJEEta bank (NEET 2013–2026). It ranks 17 of 17 Zoology chapters.

Take the 25-question Excretory Products and Their Elimination testKey facts ↓All NEET Zoology chapters
3.1/100 Weight in Zoology
3 of 5 Exam importance (3/5, by past-paper share)
20 NEET PYQs
436 Practice questions
352 With measured difficulty

How the weight is computed: this chapter's tagged NEET PYQs divided by all tagged NEET Zoology PYQs in the bank (20 of 648), times 100, with repeated questions counted once. The bank does not store the year of each NEET question, so none is printed. Computed from the bank at build time. Updated 19 Oct 2026.

Excretory Products and Their Elimination: key facts for NEET

16 facts the paper keeps asking, each with how it is asked. Copy it onto one page of your notebook: that page is this chapter's handbook.

  1. Ammonotelism

    Ammonia is the most toxic nitrogenous waste and needs the most water to remove. Ammonotelic animals: many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects (they lose it by diffusion across the body or gill surfaces).

    Asked as: match the column, "Ammonotelism bony fish", or "which waste needs maximum water?"

  2. Ureotelism

    Ureotelic animals: mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes. Urea is made from ammonia in the liver.

    Asked as: "marine fishes are ___ while many bony fishes are ___" (ureotelic, ammonotelic)

  3. Uricotelism

    Uricotelic animals: reptiles, birds, land snails and insects. Uric acid is the least toxic waste and leaves as pellet or paste with minimum water loss.

    Asked as: match "Uricotelism birds", or "land snail excretes mainly ___"

  4. Excretory organs in invertebrates

    Flame cells (protonephridia) occur in Platyhelminthes (Planaria), rotifers, some annelids and Amphioxus, mainly for osmoregulation. Earthworm has nephridia, cockroach has Malpighian tubules, prawn has green (antennal) glands.

    Asked as: "a chordate with flame cells" (Amphioxus), or match the animal to its excretory organ

  5. Kidney position and size

    The kidneys lie between the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra. Each is long and weighs . Ureter, vessels and nerves enter at the hilum.

    Asked as: kidney position or size statement, true/false

  6. Columns of Bertini

    Columns of Bertini are cortex extending between the medullary pyramids.

    Asked as: "cortical portions projecting between medullary pyramids are called ___"

  7. Nephron and Malpighian body

    Each kidney has about million nephrons. The afferent arteriole forms the glomerulus, and the efferent arteriole drains it. Glomerulus Bowman's capsule Malpighian body (renal corpuscle).

    Asked as: "glomerulus is formed by afferent/efferent arteriole?"

  8. Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

    The Malpighian corpuscle, PCT and DCT lie in the cortex. Cortical nephrons (the majority) have a short loop of Henle, and juxtamedullary nephrons have a long one. Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.

    Asked as: "vasa recta is absent/reduced in ___ nephrons"

  9. Ultrafiltration

    Filtration crosses layers: glomerular endothelium, Bowman's capsule epithelium and the basement membrane between them. Podocytes leave filtration slits, and almost all plasma constituents except proteins pass, so it is ultrafiltration.

    Asked as: true/false "protein-free fluid is filtered into Bowman's capsule"

  10. GFR and reabsorption

    Kidneys filter (about of the ventricular output). , urine is about , so nearly is reabsorbed.

    Asked as: numerical MCQ on GFR per day, or of filtrate reabsorbed

  11. Reabsorption and secretion

    Glucose, amino acids and are reabsorbed actively, and nitrogenous wastes passively. The tubules secrete , and ammonia to keep ionic and acid-base balance.

    Asked as: true/false "glucose is actively reabsorbed in PCT"

  12. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

    PCT has simple cuboidal brush border epithelium. It reabsorbs nearly all essential nutrients and of electrolytes and water, secretes and , and absorbs .

    Asked as: "major site of reabsorption", or "epithelium lining PCT"

  13. Counter current mechanism

    Filtrate flows in opposite directions in the two limbs of Henle's loop, and blood does the same in the two limbs of vasa recta. These counter currents and the closeness of the two keep medullary osmolarity rising from (cortex) to about (inner medulla), mainly due to and urea. Urine becomes about times as concentrated as the initial filtrate.

    Asked as: "gradient is mainly due to ___" ( and urea), or the numbers

  14. ADH (vasopressin)

    Osmoreceptors make the hypothalamus release ADH (vasopressin) from the neurohypophysis. ADH increases water reabsorption from the later tubule parts and prevents diuresis.

    Asked as: true/false "ADH helps in water elimination making urine hypotonic" (false)

  15. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and ANF

    A fall in GFR makes the JG cells release renin, which turns angiotensinogen into angiotensin I and then II (). Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and makes the adrenal cortex release aldosterone ( and water reabsorption). ANF from the atria causes vasodilation and checks this system.

    Asked as: sequence of the RAAS steps, or "which hormone counters renin–angiotensin?" (ANF)

  16. Urine composition and haemodialysis

    Urine is with and urea/day. Glycosuria and ketonuria indicate diabetes mellitus. In haemodialysis, heparin is added before the artificial kidney and anti-heparin before blood returns through a vein.

    Asked as: "urea excreted per day", or "anticoagulant used in dialysis"

Trap

Descending limb of Henle = permeable to water, almost impermeable to electrolytes (filtrate gets concentrated). Ascending limb = impermeable to water, transports electrolytes (filtrate gets diluted). Students swap the two limbs.

How does NEET ask Excretory Products and Their Elimination?

8 real previous-year questions from this chapter, as printed in the paper, each with its worked solution. Answer the first one here with no sign-in.

Q1ZoologyNEET UG PYQHuman Excretory System
Try right here · No sign-in
Match the items given in column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below. Column 1 (Function)Column II (Part of Excretory system)(a)Ultrafiltration(i)Henle’s loop(b)Concentration of urine(ii)Ureter(c)Transport of urine(iii)Urinary bladder(d)Storage of urine(iv)Malpighian corpuscle(v)Proximal convoluted tubule
Answer key (A) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option A

Ultrafiltration refers to filtration of very fine particles having molecular weight less than 68,000 daltons through the Malpighian corpuscle. The concentration of urine refers to water absorption from glomerular filtrate in Henle’s loop by counter-current mechanism. Urine is carried from kidney to bladder through the ureter. The urinary bladder is concerned with the storage of urine.
Q2ZoologyNEET UG PYQModes of Excretion, Other Nitrogenous Wastes
Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by:
AOrnithorhynchus
BSalamandra
CHippocampus
DPavo
Answer key (D) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option D

Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water and are called uricotelic animals. Pavo (Peacock) belongs to class aves (birds). Hence, it excretes nitrogenous wastes in the form of pellets or paste. Ornithorhynchus (Platypus) is a mammal and is ureotelic (excretes urea). Salamandra (Salamander) is an amphibian and is ammonotelic (excretes ammonia). Hippocampus is a bony fish and is ammonotelic.
Q3ZoologyNEET UG PYQModes of Excretion, Other Nitrogenous Wastes
The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of
AAmmonis
BPotassium urate
CUric acid
DCalcium carbonate
Answer key (C) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option C

Cockroaches absorb nitrogenous waste products and convert them into uric acid which is excreted out through the hindgut and hence, they are called uricotelic.
Q4ZoologyNEET UG PYQDisorders of Excretory System
Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in: (a) Nitrogenous waste build up in the body (b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions (c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract (d) Reduced RBC production Which of the following options is the most appropriate?
A(b) and (c) are correct
B(c) and (d) are correct
C(a) and (d) are correct
D(a) and (b) are correct
Answer key (B) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option B

(a) and (b) statements are incorrect because dialysis eliminates urea and potassium from the body whereas, c and d are correct. As phosphate ions are eliminated during dialysis, along with that calcium ions are also eliminated. So, there will be reduced absorption of calcium ions from the gastrointestinal tract. RBC production will be reduced, due to reduced erythropoietin hormone.
Q5ZoologyNEET UG PYQDisorders of Excretory System
Match the items given in column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below. Column IColumn II(a)Glycosuria(i)Accumulation of uric acid in joints(b)Gout(ii)Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney(c)Renal calculi(iii)Inflammation in Glomeruli(d)Glomerulonephritis(iv)Presence of Glucose in urine
Aa → (i); b → (ii); c → (iii); d → (iv)
Ba → (ii); b → (iii); c → (i); d → (iv)
Ca → (iii); b → (ii); c → (iv); d → (i)
Da → (iv); b → (i); c → (ii); d → (iii)
Answer key (D) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option D

Glycosuria denotes the presence of glucose in the urine. This is observed when blood glucose level rises above 180 mg/dl of blood, which is a threshold value for blood glucose. Gout is caused due to deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint. Renal calculi are precipitates of calcium phosphate produced in the pelvis of the kidney. Glomerulonephritis is the inflammatory condition of the glomerulus.
Q6ZoologyNEET UG PYQRegulation of Kidney Functions
Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?
AAtrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction
BDecrease in secretion of renin by JG cells
CAngiotensin II causes the vasodilation
DReabsorption of Na and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone
Answer key (D) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option D

• ANF causes vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and thereby decrease blood pressure. • Due to a decrease in the secretion of renin, it reduces the concentration of angiotensin I & II.• Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. Angiotensin II also activates the adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone.• Reabsorption of Na and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone help in prevention ofdiuresis.Hence, the (d) statement is correct.
Q7ZoologyNEET UG PYQMechanism of Concentration of Filtrate
Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?
AMaintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys
BSecretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex
CHydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration
DLow levels of antidiuretic hormone
Answer key (A) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option A

The proximity between the loop of Henle and vasa recta as well as countercurrent in them help in maintaining and increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium. This mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in medullary interstitium so human urine is nearly four times concentrated than initial filtrate formed.
Q8ZoologyNEET UG PYQRegulation of Kidney Functions
Which of the following statements are correct? A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors. B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis. C. ANF causes vasodilation. D. ADH causes an increase in blood pressure. E. ADH is responsible for a decrease in GFR. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
AB, C and D only
BA, B and E only
CC, D and E only
DA and B only
Answer key (A) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option A

A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches on the osmoreceptors. E. ADH is responsible for an increase in GFR.

Which topics in Excretory Products and Their Elimination carry the most questions?

All 12 topics, by tagged PYQs, then practice questions. Counted from the bank. Updated 19 Oct 2026.

TopicPYQsPractice questions
Regulation of Kidney Functions562
Nephron465
Modes of Excretion, Other Nitrogenous Wastes343
Mechanism of Concentration of Filtrate239
Human Excretory System238
Disorders of Excretory System237
Urine Formation154
Function of the Tubules136
Role of Other Organs in Excretion022
Excretory Organs019
Micturition014
Miscellaneous Examples07

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Chapters either side of Excretory Products and Their Elimination by weight

Digestion and Absorption Weight 3.4/100Neural Control and Coordination Weight 3.2/100