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NEET BotanyUpdated 19 Oct 2026

Morphology of Flowering Plants: NEET PYQs and weightage

Morphology of Flowering Plants carries 7.9 of 100 Botany marks in NEET by past-paper share: 63 of the 793 tagged NEET Botany PYQs in the ViJEEta bank (NEET 2013–2026). It ranks 3 of 21 Botany chapters.

Take the 25-question Morphology of Flowering Plants testKey facts ↓All NEET Botany chapters
7.9/100 Weight in Botany
5 of 5 Exam importance (5/5, by past-paper share)
63 NEET PYQs
591 Practice questions
484 With measured difficulty

How the weight is computed: this chapter's tagged NEET PYQs divided by all tagged NEET Botany PYQs in the bank (63 of 793), times 100, with repeated questions counted once. The bank does not store the year of each NEET question, so none is printed. Computed from the bank at build time. Updated 19 Oct 2026.

Morphology of Flowering Plants: key facts for NEET

16 facts the paper keeps asking, each with how it is asked. Copy it onto one page of your notebook: that page is this chapter's handbook.

  1. Types of roots

    Tap root grows from the radicle in dicots (mustard); fibrous roots arise from the stem base in monocots (wheat); adventitious roots arise from parts other than the radicle (grass, Monstera, banyan).

    Asked as: Match the plant to its root type: banyan or Monstera = adventitious.

  2. Regions of the root tip

    The root tip has a root cap, then a meristematic region, then elongation (growth in length), then maturation (root hairs).

    Asked as: Which region is responsible for growth of the root in length? Elongation.

  3. Parts of a leaf

    Leaf parts are leaf base, petiole and lamina; monocots have a sheathing leaf base; some legumes have a swollen leaf base called pulvinus.

    Asked as: What is the swollen leaf base in some leguminous plants called? Pulvinus.

  4. Compound leaves

    A bud is present in the axil of the petiole but not in the axil of leaflets; pinnately compound = leaflets on rachis (neem); palmately compound = leaflets at petiole tip (silk cotton).

    Asked as: How do you tell a compound leaf from a leafy twig? Look for the axillary bud.

  5. Phyllotaxy

    Phyllotaxy: alternate in china rose, mustard and sunflower; opposite in Calotropis and guava; whorled in Alstonia.

    Asked as: Which plant has whorled phyllotaxy? Alstonia.

  6. Racemose vs cymose inflorescence

    Racemose: main axis keeps growing and flowers are acropetal. Cymose: axis ends in a flower and flowers are basipetal.

    Asked as: Assertion-reason on axis growth vs order of flowers.

  7. Floral symmetry

    Actinomorphic flowers: mustard, datura, chilli. Zygomorphic: pea, gulmohur, bean, Cassia. Asymmetric: canna.

    Asked as: Odd one out from a symmetry list (canna is asymmetric).

  8. Position of the ovary

    Hypogynous flowers have a superior ovary (mustard, china rose, brinjal). Perigynous have a half-inferior ovary (plum, rose, peach). Epigynous have an inferior ovary (guava, cucumber, ray florets of sunflower).

    Asked as: In which flower is the ovary half inferior? Plum, rose or peach.

  9. Aestivation

    Aestivation: valvate in Calotropis; twisted in china rose, lady's finger and cotton; imbricate in Cassia and gulmohur. Vexillary in pea and bean: standard overlaps wings, wings overlap keel.

    Asked as: Match the aestivation to the plant, or the order of petals in vexillary.

  10. Androecium

    Stamens are epipetalous in brinjal and epiphyllous in lily. They are monoadelphous in china rose, diadelphous in pea and polyadelphous in citrus. A sterile stamen is a staminode.

    Asked as: Match the stamen union to the plant (citrus = polyadelphous).

  11. Apocarpous vs syncarpous

    Free carpels are apocarpous (lotus, rose); fused carpels are syncarpous (mustard, tomato).

    Asked as: Which pair has apocarpous gynoecium? Lotus and rose.

  12. Placentation

    Placentation: marginal in pea; axile in china rose, tomato and lemon; parietal with a false septum in mustard and Argemone; free central in Dianthus and Primrose; basal in sunflower and marigold.

    Asked as: Match the placentation type to the plant (the most-asked match in this chapter).

  13. Fruit: parthenocarpy and drupe

    A fruit formed without fertilisation is parthenocarpic. Drupe (mango, coconut) comes from a monocarpellary superior ovary and is one-seeded. Mango has a fleshy edible mesocarp; coconut has a fibrous mesocarp.

    Asked as: What is the edible part of mango? Mesocarp.

  14. Seed coat and endosperm

    Seed coat = testa (outer) and tegmen (inner). Hilum is the attachment scar, with the micropyle above it. Castor is endospermic; bean, gram and pea are non-endospermous; orchids are non-endospermic monocots.

    Asked as: Which is a non-endospermic monocot seed? Orchid.

  15. Maize seed

    Maize seed: the aleurone layer is proteinous; the cotyledon is the scutellum; plumule and radicle are sheathed by coleoptile and coleorhiza.

    Asked as: What is the shield-shaped cotyledon of maize called? Scutellum.

  16. Solanaceae

    Solanaceae: united persistent sepals, valvate. united petals, valvate. epipetalous stamens. Bicarpellary syncarpous superior bilocular ovary with axile placentation. Fruit is a berry or capsule. Medicine: belladonna, ashwagandha; fumigatory: tobacco; ornamental: petunia.

    Asked as: Which feature is not of Solanaceae? Or which plant is in this family?

Trap

china rose is not rose. China rose is hypogynous, twisted, monoadelphous and axile. Rose is perigynous (half-inferior ovary) and apocarpous.

How does NEET ask Morphology of Flowering Plants?

8 real previous-year questions from this chapter, as printed in the paper, each with its worked solution. Answer the first one here with no sign-in.

Q1BotanyNEET UG PYQThe Parts of Flower- Gynoecium
Try right here · No sign-in
Axile placentation is observed in
Answer key (C) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option C

China rose, tomato, Petunia and lemon – Axile placentation Beans, pea and lupin – Marginal placentation Mustard, cucumber – Parietal placentation Dianthus and primrose – Free central placentation
Q2BotanyNEET UG PYQModifications of Stem
Identify the correct set of statements: (a) The leaflets are modified into pointed hard thorns in Citrus and Bougainvillea (b) Axillary buds form slender and spirally coiled tendrils in cucumber and pumpkin (c) Stem is flattened and fleshy on Opuntia and modified to perform the function of leaves (d) Rhizophora shows vertically upward growing roots that help to get oxygen for respiration (e) Subaerially growing stems in grasses and strawberry help in vegetative propagation Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A(b) and (c) only
B(a) and (d) only
C(b), (c), (d) and (e) only
D(a), (b), (d) and (e) only
Answer key (C) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option C

• Axillary buds of stems may also get modified into woody, straight and pointed thorns. Thorns are found in many plants such as Citrus and Bougainvillea. • Stem tendrils which develop from axillary buds, are slender and spirally coiled and help plants to climb such as in cucumber, pumpkins and watermelon etc. • Some plants of arid regions modify their stems into flattened structures such as Opuntia. They contain chlorophyll and carry out functions such as photosynthesis. • Rhizophora grows in swampy areas and many of their roots come out of the ground and grow vertically upwards. Such roots, also known as pneumatophores, help to get oxygen for respiration. • Underground stems of grass and strawberry, etc., spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed (vegetative propagation).
Q3BotanyNEET UG PYQInflorescence
In racemose inflorescence, ______ .
AThe main axis terminates in a flower
BThe growth is limited
CFlowers are borne in an acropetal succession
DFlowers are solitary
Answer key (C) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option C

In racemose type of inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow and the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession. On the contrary, in cymose type of inflorescence, the main axis terminates into a flower and hence, is limited in growth.
Q4BotanyNEET UG PYQDescription of Some Important Families
Which of the following are characteristic features of Solanaceae family? (a) Flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic (b) Calyx have five sepals and are united (c) Androecium have five stamens and are epipetalous (d) Ovary is inferior Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A(d) only
B(a) and (b) only
C(b), (c) and (d) only
D(a), (b) and (c) only
Answer key (D) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option D

In Solanaceae family, flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic. Calyx include five sepals that are united. Androecium include five stamens and it is epipetalous. Ovary is superior.
Q5BotanyNEET UG PYQThe Parts of Flower- Gynoecium
Free-central placentation is found in
AArgemone
BBrassica
CCitrus
DDianthus
Answer key (D) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option D

In free-central placentation, the pistil is polycarpellary and syncarpous but the ovary is unilocular. The ovules are borne around a central column which is connected with the ovary wall by any septum. Free-central placentation is found in Dianthus. Argemone, brassica have parietal placentation, citrus has axile placentation.
Q6BotanyNEET UG PYQThe Flower
The ovary is half inferior in _____.
ASunflower
BPlum
CBrinjal
DMustard
Answer key (B) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option B

Plum/peach belongs to the family Rosaceae and it shows half-inferior ovary. So the flowers are perigynous. Sunflowers have inferior ovary. Brinjal (Solanaceae) has a superior ovary. Mustards have superior ovaries.
Q7BotanyNEET UG PYQThe Flower
Match Colum-I with Column-II and select the CORRECT option using the codes given below: Column-IColumn-II(a)Pistils fused together(i)Gametogenesis(b)Formation of gametes(ii)Pistillate(c)Calyx

fused together(iii)Syncarpous(d)Unisexual female flower(iv)Gamosepalous
A(a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
B(a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
C(a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)
D(a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
Answer key (C) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option C

The condition of fused pistil is known as syncarpous. Process of gamete formation is known as gametogenesis. The calyx may be gamosepalous (sepals united) or polysepalous (sepals free). Unisexual female flower contain only female reproductive organ and is known as pistillate flower. Hence correct matching is: (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)
Q8BotanyNEET UG PYQThe Flower
Given below are two statements : Statement I : In a floral formula stands for zygomorphic nature of the flower, and G stands for inferior ovary. Statement II : In a floral formula stands for actinomorphic nature of the flower and G stands for superior ovary. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
AStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
BStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Answer key (B) & worked solution

Correct answer: Option B

Statement II is correct

Which topics in Morphology of Flowering Plants carry the most questions?

The 12 busiest of 21 topics, by tagged PYQs, then practice questions. Counted from the bank. Updated 19 Oct 2026.

TopicPYQsPractice questions
The Flower1591
The seed1056
The Parts of Flower- Gynoecium760
The Parts of Flower- Androecium626
Description of Some Important Families553
Fruit526
Modifications of Stem522
Modifications of Root39
Regions of the Root220
The Root - Introduction136
The Parts of Flower-Aestivation133
Inflorescence126

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Chapters either side of Morphology of Flowering Plants by weight

Molecular Basis of Inheritance Weight 9.1/100Cell: The Unit of Life Weight 8.1/100Principles of Inheritance and Variation Weight 7.9/100Biological Classification Weight 7.1/100